Does Violence in Cartoons Desensitize Young Children?

Does craze in sketchs Desen mock upize Young Children? A Critical View Donald Duck, Elmer Fud, Wiley Coyote, Tom/Jerry, Fred Flintst single, and Batman are all loveable vignette characters that exist in the vignettes shaverren draw every(prenominal) day. An some other thing these characters view as in common is their general habitual boisterous behaviors. These behaviors devote a subliminal message to small fryren suppressing their moral restraint on basic appall toward to to each matchless one other. Violence in youth has been a rising topic, and stay freshs to amaze with much(prenominal) than studies and research each stratum.Although people may blame legion(predicate) things, I believe the power depicted as humor or the first-rate admirer strength in resumes has a direct relation back to the desensitization of madness in the Ameri potty youth. Research has exposed that lateborn children will imitate aggressive acts they exit on television, and rec reate those acts when compete with their friends. Before age 4, children are unable to distinguish amidst concomitant and fantasy and may view furiousness as an ordinary occurrence. (Berensin) by means of critical analysis I plan to examine the effects of frenzy in cartoons as sanitary as the derivedic perception and the super mavin effect in order to determine if they relate partly or executely too untrained behaviors of young children. Every argument has more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than one perception, so I will all overly be examining just about research suggesting that cartoon wildness in occurrence does not hazard developing children. Watch an obsolete Looney Toon, if you have a choice, perceive an episode of Elmer Fud chasing Bugs Bunny.To any viewer you see the humor in it a bunny is jumping all over dodging this slow hunting find, his ineffable aim, and his shotgun that never needs to be reloaded. But the reality is this hunter is fe rociously chasing this bunny literally just trying to kill it. drop the same reality comparison with the Roadrunner cartoons, the coyote is a predator chasing after his dinner and use every possible resource to complete it yea he never catches his prey, but you quarter try and compute the violent episode that would entail if he did.How about all the explosions and incredulous distances the coyote deals with and never seems to die, that doesnt send the make up image. Im not saying they should channelize death but not present it trick give children the idea that these acts wont affect them and that they would also be able to walk away. Violence in cartoons has been around for a lot longer then we think, in fact there is more military group depicted in a cartoon, than in live feat dramas or comedies (Potter and Warren 1998). In a sense, children see more violence during a Saturday morning than a Friday night.Although this is a pretty strong convert argument there is always other perspective. For fashion model, the violence in cartoons yes is more frequent, but it isnt as strong as it is on superlative eon TV. Bam Bam hitting someone on the head with his mallet compared to a short rape scene in Law and order, pretty mammoth difference. Many cartoons show characters dying but the way it is comprehend its considered funny. Prime time television shows murder depicted in a pretty real state with no joke or express emotion afterwards. In 2007, Kremar and Hight embed that preschoolers who watched an action cartoon or super-hero image, as foreign to young children who watched neutral video clips or animated characters, were more credibly to create aggressive story endings(An oppose View). These conclusions brought about the idea that pugnacity may be related to aggressive behavior. How does the outcome television violence unremarkably end in destructive behavior? That brings us to another form of cartoon violence, the super hero effect. By super hero I mean super hero cartoons Batman, Superman, Spiderman, transformers etc.All these cartoons depict violence without the comedic effect but instead with a real intent scenario. Heroes are violent, and, as such, are rewarded for their behavior. They become role models for youth. It is cool to carry an automatic branch and use it to knock off the bad cat-o-nine-tailss. The normal scenario of using violence for a righteous cause may translate in workaday life into a justification for using violence to retaliate against perceived victimizers (Berensin) Everyone sees Batman beating up the Joker and instead of being worried or cin one caserned, theyre cheering.Theyre hoping that the hero will win the fight. Batman is showing how he solves his conflicts with violence rather than reason and debate. The good guys against the villains, and just because its usually the good buy beating up the bad guy, its clam up a form of violence that can be subconsciously affecting them. Kids cou ld be going to school and argue who stepped into line first succeeding(a) thing you know theyre pushing and shoving over it, then throwing punches, imitating their ducky super heroes.In an extreme example a ten year old boy from Everett, Washington died in 2008 imitating a stunt him and their friends saw on a popular cartoon, Naruto. Naruto has this ability to dig himself into sand and breathe through a straw. The children thinking they could execute this like Naruto came to an unexpected and very worrying conclusion. Those children lost a close friend that could have possibly been avoided had they been better on the diversity of animation and reality.This brings us to another problem with super heroes on television, which is the characters, no matter how much damage or violence they receive, continue to remain unharmed and alive. When in reality if any human being being actually received any pain like they are, they plainly would not be alive. Superman surviving a hailstorm of bullets is the best example that comes to mind. Yvette Middleton and Sandra Vanterpool wrote an essay TV Cartoons Do Children Think They Are Real? , regarding whether children can differentiate between what is real and what is fantasy in cartoons, as well as how they respond to them.On page five of their essay they go on to say When our young children watch cartoons with these types of violence, they start to visualize themselves as their favourite(a)(a) cartoon character and decide that if they are that character, they wont be harmed if they get shot of run over by the bad guy Its when the child imitates these characters that they could be seriously scathe or hurt someone else. A parents duty comes into walkover when they sit down with the child and explain what happens scene by scene. Something a child sees on television isnt necessarily bad beholding it once or twice.After those first two a parent could explain what scenes send a bad message. Instead the child watches tim e and time again, each time desensitizing their moral defense, eventually leading to frequent violent behavior. For example every time a child sees a violent act they first see it as bad. As time progresses and they see more and more, the child begins to simply absorb the message as if it were an everyday occurrence. They may come to see violence as a fact of life and, over time, lose their ability to understand the difference between right and wrong. Its at that point that it becomes a problem.Eugene V Beresin, the theatre director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, wrote an denomination for the American academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Today 99% of homes have televisions. In fact, more families have televisions than telephones. Over half of all children have a television set in their bedroomschildren watch or so 28 minute of arcs of television a week, more time than they spend in school. Thats four hours an average day, thats a sixth of their lives. Thats plenty of time for the children to withhold the messages they get from violent cartoons.Children can severalise and recall these events because they laugh afterwards and think of it as a bearable way to respond to someones actions. Televised violence and the inhabitance of televisions in American households have increased steadily over the days. Beresin continues on to say The typical American child will view more than 200,000 acts of violence, including more than 16,000 murders onwards age 18. Television programs display 812 violent acts per hour childrens programming, particularly cartoons, displays up to 20 violent acts hourly. Now hopefully a young child is only watching cartoons and not a police or plague show. But four hours a day with twenty violent acts hourly, thats eighty violent acts scene daily. That can put a monetary value on a developing childs moral psych. With every argument there are two sides. As I mentioned previously there are other perceptions and different cultural views on cartoon violence. I came across an article by Fran Blumberg, Kristen Bierwirth, and Allison Schwartz, titled Does Cartoon Violence Beget Aggressive Behavior in Real spirit?An Opposing View. The ladies explain Despite increased realism in animation over time, most preschoolers still recognize cartoon programs as make-believe, and can differentiate cartoon characters engaged in life-like activities from those engaged in playact activities. Basically what theyre getting at is that children have the ability to put one over that cartoons are not real, know that the violence is only animated, and understand that it is wrong. To fold up anything is wrong people always rely on the science of it.V Mathews was one of the authors who composed the article, Media violence liked to concentration, produce in the Journal of ready reckoner help Tomography. Mathews confirms Neurological evidence of a link between mental picture to violence on television and brain functioning. Speci? cally, non-aggressive children who had been exposed to high levels of media violence showed less activity in the betal cortex, that area of the brain linked to attention and self-control. Non-aggressive children who already had a grip on what was morally right and wrong I would assume were the ones used. So they werent children who were brand new to violence.Also there is a slight hole in the study. It was measured directly after the children watched the violent cartoons, and not over a long end of time, which is what were dealing with. A study taken by Yvette Middleton and Sandra Vanterpool surveyed 23 third stainrs from the Fordham section of the Bronx. We asked them fourteen questions based on the descend of time they spent watching cartoons, the types of cartoons they watch and their opinions on whether cartoons are real or not. (Middleton and Vanterpool) 87% of the students surveyed say they watch cartoons before school, after s chool, and season doing their homework.If that wasnt enough, 86% of the students watch cartoons before bed. With twenty-five to thirty violent acts an hour (Middleton and Vanterpool) that is a lot of negative discipline that child is absorbing. The ladies continue their results 78% of the students express they watch cartoons with a sibling or fiend. 17% of the students give tongue to that they watch cartoons by themselves, but only 4% said that they watch cartoons with a parent (Middleton and Vanterpool) Only four percent of third graders watch cartoons with their parents.Now that is just not high enough. With cartoon violence becoming a rising problem parents need to stop using the television as a babysitter and know what their children are watching. On the subject of the students favorite cartoon, Rugrats was chosen as the top favorite, a quite non-violent Nickelodeon Cartoon. turn was Pokemon, a cartoon involving people using different animals/pets and pitting them against e ach other to settle their differences, definitely violent.The third was Dragon Ball Z, an exceedingly violent anime involving numerous characters always fighting each other for control, also chosen as the most popular action cartoon as well as the top favorite if they were limited to one cartoon a day (Middleton and Vanterpool). When asked about Dragon Ball Z the results told us43% said that they enjoy watching the characters fight, 26% said that they like to see characters shoot other characters and 30% also enjoyed seeing characters being blown up, bloodied, or stabbed (Middleton and Vanterpool).That is discouraging this is a television show that children should not be watching. If these are the thoughts that go through their mind while watching, think about what they think of when they arent watching. When Middleton and Vantepool surveyed the children about the reality of the violence, 56% said that they were real and 43% felt they were not real. That is not a good statistic, over half of the class thought that the characters were real. These are sham people who literally destroy each other and third grade children think they are real. 86% agreed they come back to life to start the action all over again, whereas 13% felt a character remains dead and is never seen again. That is a large amount of children who are uneducated on the subject of death. But from another perspective, they are just children and more than likely cant comprehend death, and they are just going off what they see in the show. Some interest information came up when the children were asked what they think happens to real people die. 47% said the somebody goes to heaven, 47% said the person goes to hell, and 4% said the person goes under the ground and comes back as a flower. (Middleton and Vantepool) So you can see how these are still children and arent mature enough to understand what is really happening in a cartoon. This again just brings up the parenting aspect. In the 2004 Confe rence on interaction and Design and Children, an article was published about preschoolers moral judgments and their distinctions between realistic and cartoon-fantasy transgressions. M. Peters and F. C. Blumberg explained in good accompaniment about a study they conducted using three and four year old children.They examined how the children reacted to pictures of both factual human and animated moral transgressions including hitting, pushing, stealing, and failing to share. (Peters and Blumberg) The children then were asked to indicate the extent to which the transgressions merited punishment and if so, how severe. They also were asked to justify this assessment. We found that preschoolers negatively evaluated all moral transgressions, both realistic and cartoon (Peters and Blumberg). once again the problem arises with the short amount of exposure time.Although since they were three and four years old I would assume that they had been watching cartoons for an already long time. Peters and Blumberg continue to review their findings When perceiving the magnitude of the transgression, children viewed physical harm as more rank than that of psychological harm. Speci? cally, hitting was seen as more harmful to others and as be of greater punishment than failing to share. This meant that children do retain some information pertaining to their morals while theyre progressing as children. They were able to realize what was more ethical and correct.What was really interesting was how the preschoolers judged cartoon infringement as more harmful than the realistic human transgressions. Because cartoons are characterized by exaggerated nervus facialis expressions and body actions, these characteristics may have in? uenced the childrens perceptions of the cartoon transgressions as bad. (Peters and Blumberg) With that information we can think about how much those characteristics actually come into play in the maturing stages of a childs life. The message could be more of a learning experience for them instead of pro violence advice.Children could be using these cartoons as an example for instances in the future. Its short possible that children would use these when faced with a real life issues and fixity the situation without using violence. Writing this paper has been an eye opener for me. At the beginning I was on the side against cartoon violence, agreeing that it does make children more violent in nature. But after all the research I did I am now on the fence with the situation. It can alter the children but also help them to learn what is right and what is wrong.Ultimately the parent comes into the play the most. I wouldnt agree that sitting you child in front of the television is a bad idea, but what programs the children watch should be monitored. Also, using the television as a baby sitter is not a recommended idea. Children love cartoons, I know I still do, and there is no reason they have to stop watching them, but Mom and dad dy should make sure what is happening in these cartoons is put into context for the child. So the child can differentiate and decide for themselves the difference between cartoon animation and reality.Beresin, Eugene V, M. D. The Impact of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents Opportunities for Clinical Interventions. American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. Web. 11 May 2010. http//www. aacap. org/cs/root/developmentor Blumberg, Fran, Kristen Bierwirth, and Allison Schwartz. Does Cartoon Violence Beget Aggressive Behavior in Real Life? An Opposing View. Early Childhood learning JournalOct. 2008 101+. Education Research Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. Mathews, V. P. , Kronenberger, W. G. , Wang, Y. , Lurito, J. T. , Lowe, M. J. , Dunn, D.W. (2005). Media violence linked to concentration, self-control. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 29, 287292. Middleton, Yvette Vanterpool, Sandra TV Cartoons Do Children Think They Are Real? Reports-Research. Web produce 1999 http//www. eric. ed. gov. ezproxy. lib. uwm. edu/PDFS/ED437207. pdf Peters, K. M. , Blumberg, F. C. (2004). Preschoolers moral judgments Distinctions between realistic and cartoon-fantasy transgressions. Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Interaction Design and Children Building a Community (pp. 131132). New York ACM

The Council for Exceptional Children

The Council for stupendous Children (CEC) is a captain system that was established with the aim of improving studyal outcomes for individuals with various exceptionalities and disabilities, and for the gifted.CEC functions as an recommend in seeking for appropriate governmental policies and setting professional standards a supporter for the underserved individuals with exceptionalities and for the professionals who argon in take of preferences for their professional practice a provider of various programs, conventions and conferences for professional development and a publisher of journals, newsletters, and other(a) educational resources for administrators, teachers, students, p arents, paraprofessionals, and support service providers (CEC, 2008). CEC WebsiteThe Council for prodigious Children (CEC) website is filled with an array of reading that will benefit fussy education professionals and parents who are involved in the care and education of exceptional individuals. At an initial glance, the website appears to be sweep over for readers who may be technologically challenged or those who do not practice the internet often. The headline news and information that is located at the heart of the webpage may attract the attention of the readers who may not be old(prenominal) with CEC and those who may want to keep tract of the latest news.Using colorful shades of blocks to group related information together, e. g. CEC Communities, Teaching & Learning Center, CEC Smartbrief, CEC Events and regional Workshops, keep backs it convenient for the readers to locate the topic that they need to search. In addition, having a search box is an added feature that researchers may use in getting either information related to surplus education, exceptional students and individuals with special needs. The inclusion of a multimedia player to enable the user to view a mulct segment of the Yes I Can awards is not only inspiring only if also informative for t he parents and students with disabilities. For individuals who do not have a lives degree, the life story affectionateness provides guidelines in finding degree programs in special education and the preparations needed to become a licensed special educator. For those who have earned a bachelors degree, the flight center also provides options on how to obtain a license through the university programs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as graduate degrees or alternative programs. Some local di nonindulgents may provide evaluation of the teachers take aim transcripts to determine their eligibility.For those who would like to earn a degree in special education, the CEC website is a one stop career information center with database, resources, and links on financial aids and educational grants given by various foundations. For the educators who would like to make a dispute in the lives of people with special needs, the website offers information on how to write a resume and gear up a pr ofessional portfolio. It also provides tips on how to prepare for a telephone circuit interview and makes the applicants aware about the crucial questions that may be asked in a job interview.Furthermore, the career center provides dilate regarding career paths related to special education that people may study to specialize in, other than being a classroom teacher. Some career paths may include art therapist, educational audiologist, educational diagnostician, rehabilitation counselor, school psychologist, speech language pathologist, and therapeutic recreation specialist among others. Information on the occupational outlook and average salary of public school teachers interpreted from the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics may be viewed in the webpage.The CEC website is also an online job board for employers who are looking for qualified special educators and for the job seekers who are looking for new positions or opportunities to work as special education teachers. An in-depth look into the website would give the special education students and educators a knowledge that CEC adheres to strict professional ethics and standard as it provides resources for the highly qualified requirements for special education teachers as set forth in the 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).The comprehensive, easy to use resource will assist educators in determining the background special educators need to be deemed high qualified as it covers all aspects of the issue to make it easy for educators to understand the law, terminology, the requirements special educators must meet, and how IDEA and NCLB intersect.There are several(prenominal) research papers that can be downloaded and read online with regards to evidence-based practice, current issues, instructional strategies, CEC articles, topics related to professional practice, instruction and curriculum in subject areas such as arts, reading, language, math, writing, science, fo reign language, physical education, speech and language, self-discrimination, and social skills.To keep up on(predicate) on the latest news, technology advancement, and topics related to special education, readers may back to the CEC Smartbrief or to some CEC publications, e. g. Exceptional Children, Teaching Exceptional Children, CEC Today, Teaching Exceptional Children Plus (TEC Plus), and Life Centered Career Education (LCCE). There are online courses for continuing education, web seminars, and regional workshops for SPED practitioners.Special education professionals and students from different countries may sum the CEC blog, interact and share information related to teaching strategies, classroom management, bearing modification, and individual educational program. Conclusion The Council for Exceptional Children website has a wealth of information for parents of children with exceptionalities, special education teachers, students and paraprofessionals.The website is filled w ith resources for individuals who intend to become special educators as well as practitioners who would like to enhance their knowledge and skills through the online professional development courses, web seminars, regional workshops or customize training. The blog offered by CEC is a site where special education teachers can share their expertness and contribute to improve the quality of life and education for persons with exceptionalities. Reference Council for Exceptional Children (2008). About CEC. Retrieved on June 20, 2008 from http//www. cec. sped. org/AM/Template. cfm? Section=About_CEC.

Jack of All Trades

Mom cornerstone I shed a follow? I can non tell you how humansy dates those six words came go forth of my mouth, almost both mean solar day since roughly second grade I asked my mammy for a puppy. Once when I was in fifth grade, my mom let me take home single of my aunts dogs puppies. just at the destruction of the day she made me take it sustain. I was so close to go farting what I had wanted for years. I had named the dog and everything, and as you can tell it tranquilize upsets me to this day. Youre probably hazarding, Eh, every child wants a dog or about sort of pet, its re wholey not that serious.Oh besides it was, I became obsessed with the stem of a puppy, every time I saw some wholeness else with a new puppy or even an older dog I became jealous to the point of tears. Its not like I never had a dog, when I was born we had two, Buster, and Sheena. But they some(prenominal) died of old age by the time I was seven. We also had cats, and birds, and fish. But a ll of a fulminant there was nothing left, it was me, my mom, and my dad, being an plainly child was always hard, provided at least I had my animals to cargo atomic number 18a me company. Yeah, yeah, here it lets, being an only child isnt hard, youre spoiled, you meet everything you want, and tons of attention.But fix you ever ideal of the hardships of being the only thing your parents have to focus on, or peradventure the not having anyone to hornswoggle with, you can only play dress up and school with yourself for so long before it gets extremely boring. Okay hardly Im getting off topic, actually Ive kind of been rambling on about nothing for the last couple of sentences, exactly I promise this go out all have a point. My freshman year of high school, I began having a skunk of issues with being alone, and not having anyone to talk to or forbear me company. I began to struggle with my schoolwork, and everything began to spin out of control.I met James, he was surp rise, only thats a completely divers(prenominal) story for a completely different time and space. Now the wanting of a dog had kind of went off for a little, but now in my time of loneliness, and need, I think my mom finally realized how much I truly not only wanted but needed a dog to keep me company, because that year around my birthday my mom began to talk of getting a dog, (it might have also been because Simones mom let her have a dog, and my mom felt bad because thats all I could talk about, so thanks Sandy.So we talked about getting a dog, and contumacious on a female Jack Russell, oh my, we were not aware of what we were getting into. We were told numerous times that these dogs were unwarranted, but we just said it couldnt be that bad, all puppies are hyper. We planned to keep her in a squared-off area in the basement, oh boy, were we mistaken. We coherent her from a farm in Missouri, the breeder seemed nice, and told us that she had a lot of push, we got her at eight weeks, the breeder had named her Kayla, but we knew from the pictures that this name was just unbefitting.We decided on either naming her Sage or Zoi??, and the second we picked her up from the airport we knew Zoi?? was the perfect name for her, she ran out of her crate right into my arms, turn all the other puppies were hiding in the back corner of their crates, panic-stricken of their new owners. It was raining but she wasnt afraid, the entire walk to the car she wiggled and squirmed ardent to see everyone and everything around her. That first night, Simone and I figured itd be a good idea to sleep downstairs with her, just in case, but we were in for a rude awakening, quite literally, she whined and cried every comminuted she was alone.Simone and I ended up staying up the entire night with her this squared off corner in the basement was just not enough for this trivial little dog. The next night we tried keeping her in her crate, whence a bigger cage, needless to say neithe r worked and she now sleeps in bed with my mom and dad. This dog was a handful she chewed on everything, mirky underwear being her favorite snack. Her energy never seemed to end. She limited played and barked all day, she was a very happy dog.Yet it just seemed like she was lonely, she carried this precise stuffed puppy with her everywhere, and carried chew toys everyplace to her favorite stuffed tiger. Shed whine and cry when it wouldnt play with them, peradventure it was our imaginations, but it just seemed that the only way to tame her energy was to get her a companion. First we looked at the pound, but decided anything bigger might just hurt Zoi??, so we ended up on the search for another Jack Russell, this time a male.We looked and looked, the first one we decided on ended up being sold already, so we finally decided on another dog, he was from Texas, and named KC. He came from a puppy mill, and when we got him he just didnt seem right, we were worried. At the airport we anticipate him to run right out into our arms like Zoi??, but thats not quite what happened. He hid in the corner of his crate and cried, he seemed so afraid, we walked him to the car and I cuddled him in my arms, it was late, almost midnight, and I was worried how him and Zoi?? would fight down to apiece other. He didnt seem like a social typesetters case dog.When we got him home and put him down, he wiggled and squirmed, him and Zoi?? sniffed each other and from that second they were inseparable, but smash (which is what we named him, afterward a character in the Disney movie, The Incredibles,) just shut away wasnt right, he had a swollen bee sting on his arm, and after winning him to the vets we discovered he had three different typed of worms in his belly. His nickname had been Wiggle-Butt, how appropriate. He was incredibly unhealthy, and we were thankful that we had saved him from that place he had called a home, no wonder he was so afraid.It was strange that these two dogs that were said to be the same exact breed were so completely different, but maybe thats why they got along so well. After go down was nursed back to health, he slowly began to come out of his shell. These dogs were a handful alone, but together, oh my. Zoi?? was clearly the boss, and she let it be known. There were times when she overcome the existing daylights out of him, but he still followed her around, and whined and cried when she was gone. Dash was quite the kindle dog, hed growl and bark at other people and dogs, but hence run and hide behind you if you put him down.The two would chase each other around in circles around the house and yard, its like they both had this endless amount of energy, I couldnt imagine Zoi?? would have lasted long at any other household. She ate everything, beat up Dash, ran away, jumped all over people, and scratched like crazy. Once we got Dash and Zoi??, it was like having newborn babies, we had baby gate in every doorway, so that they couldnt get in and chew things, you couldnt uncovered the door without holding them back or you would be in for a jog. Every time they got out it was a good twenty-minute journey to get them back.Theyd run up to everyone that was outside, bark at other dogs, run into everyones yard, and youd have to jump and dive in order to catch them, it is not a fun thing to do. My favorite story would have to be the time my little cousin let Zoi?? out and my 40-year-old uncle chased her around in the January snow, eventually jumping, sliding, and diving only to miss her by an inch. These dogs were quite the handful. nothing could come into the house without being jumped all over, and barked at. And you couldnt leave if you didnt give Zoi?? her cut through first.Actually you still cant. You think after two years shed be a lot calmer, well shes a little calmer. We tried fealty classes, yeah did not work to well, actually now shell sit, bark, and play stagnant on command but other than that ye ah. A few months after we first got them, we went away on vacation. We left Dash and Zoi?? with a family wizard who raised and watched dogs for a living. I remember him saying, Oh, Ill have her trained by the time you get back. Yeah, not so much. Not even the man who watched ten dogs a day, could tame her.Hes raised tens of dogs from puppies, all his dogs listen to his every command, but not Zoi??, shed run around take stuff, even beat up the larger dogs. The second we got back home we went to pick up our puppies, and you could tell that Jay (the man that had watched them) had had quite the time watching those two. He couldnt get rid of them quick enough. Zoi?? jazzs the water, but Dash is afraid of it. Zoi?? will jump right in the pool and swim around but Dash wouldnt go near it for anything. Zoi?? jumps in and climbs right out. She chases the hose when my dad is lacrimation the lawn, tries to eat the backwash water from the pool.Another thing that she loves to chase is the vac uum, Dash once again is afraid, but Zoi?? chases and barks like always. Sometimes, theyre too predictable. Another one of my favorites is when Zoi?? decides to take things for ransom. Her favorite I think is the remote control for the television. I cant tell you how many times Ive seen her running around with that remote in her mouth waiting for her treat. Its not like she really wanted it, shed autumn it in front of you as soon as you reached for the bone box. And of pass Dash reaps the benefits, so I think he encourages her to steal things.But after all of this, the second you sit down on the couch, or lay down in bed, theyre both right there, lying on your lap. Dash will nudge and nudge until you let him under the blanket. They love, love, love to cuddle. Which is good, because so do I. They keep you warm in the winter, which is good since Zoi?? chewed the wire to the heater on the blanket, and the couch, so neither work. Okay two crazy dogs the point of this is? Im getting to it, Im getting to it, promise. These dogs have actually kept me sane. Id have the longest day ever, but I know I could come home and have two amazing dogs jumping on me and snog me.No matter what I need, I can turn to my dogs, if I need to play, or just cuddle. Zoi?? is like the dog version of me she can be hyper, loud, loving, all at once. Shell be angry one minute and kissing and loving you the next. She cant stay mad, kind of like me. Having these two amazing dogs has kept me sane. Im no longer alone and bored all the time. They may be a pain sometimes fighting to leave in the morning, eating underwear, stealing socks and remotes. But I know at the end of the day I have two creatures that love me unconditionally.

Literature Review on Types of Discipline Essay

2.1.1 Vandalism consort to article What is vandalism, written by Dye1, she defined vandalism as a crime that by and large involves the destruction, disfigurement of public or head-to-head space. A person does not have to destroy a property to be charged with vandalism. This crime can include acts that simply end a piece of property. For example, a person may rip the place of a groom bus. The bus is still operable, but its value and its capacity to be used ar greatly reduced. Kraus (1979) said that vandalism consequences are often simply causing trouble and anger.One aspect of school vandalism is often reported in explore studies from the United States as the research from Rubel (1977) states that the connection of vandalism with other types of school crimes such as petty theft in the school and personal violence against stave and students. According to Cohen (1973) the public sees this type of behavior as threatening. Even though vandalism is directed at public property, th e public still feared cosmos victims of uncontrolled juveniles that roaming the street.2.1.2 AbsenteeismThen, Heathfield2 defined bump offeeism as the chronic absent from work or study. Absenteeism usually addressed through leaveively stricter disciplinary measures that can termination in the termination of the individuals employment. This is generally governed by the cornerstone helpance policy. Rayner & Riding (1996) cited Schostak (1980) in the United Kingdom that lay out at least 800,000 students absent from school for unexcused reasons. Webb (1993) suggest that near half a million students were absent each sidereal day. Students who have absenteeism problems generally suffer academically and socially. According to Baker and Jansen (2000), studies indicate that students who are absent have lower achievement and may be penalized on leaven scores. Sustained absences may lead to retention and truancy._____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1 http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vandalism.htm2 http//humanresources.about.com/od/ attentionpolicy/g/absenteeism.htm2.1.3 TruancyWisconsin (2000) defined simple truancy as any absence of part or all of a school day for which a pupils parent or guardian has not provided a valid excuse. According to Cavallari3, he states that many institutions end-to-end the world have difficulty enforcing mandatory attending for a soma of reasons. Some students find it much worthwhile to enter the world of travel and earn money for their families, while others struggle with coursework and choose simply not to attend class while others have difficulty getting to school because they live in rural areas.The reasons why students do not attend school are complex and seemingly endless, making mandatory attendance difficult to enforce. Some schools base part of a students grade on attendance, while others make an attendance percentage a requirement for graduation. A student must attend classes a veritable percentage of the school year in order to advance to the following grade as the student can be held back in the same grade if he or she fails to meet compulsory attendance requirements, which some critics claim can discourage students from attending school at all. However, some advocates claim it encourages students to attend class because it means they can progress to the next grade level with their peers.2.1.4 SmokingHenderson4 and her colleagues found that in their research about smoking habits and wider social environment in school, on average, 25% of males and 39% of females aged 15-16, reported that they either regularly or once in a while smoked. The age group of 14 to 18 years is most belike to attract towards the smoking habit and become an addict for the rest of his or her brio as this age represents the growth of maturity where teens make choices for their life style and plan where they want to see themselves in the future.The teens are more conscious about their constitution, styles and making up their role model as their inspiration in life. On the other hand, this is the age where factors like stress, attention disorder, psychological pressures and conflicts from parents play an important role in impacting the individual personality and most of the teens are seen fighting with these kind of problems due to lack of parental interest, or sometime over protectiveness of parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.wisegeek.com/how-can-schools-enforce-mandatory-attendance.htm 4 http//www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/848-855.pdf

Saturday Night at the Birthday Party

SATURDAY dark AT THE BIRTHDAY PARTY Introduction Saturday, March 13th 2004, my wizard Hannah had a costume party for her 13-year-old word of honor Jason. Hannah invited 13 children to Jasons natal day costume party at her home in Kissimmee. The childrens ages ranged from ternary to thirteen years old. Mostly everyone came to her home togged up in bright costumes. Some were friendly, scary or funny, some another(prenominal)s were homemade or store bought. A young married couple arrived around 430 pm with their three-year-old son, Matthew, who is the subject of this paper..His father John was dressed as a derelict bum and his wife Sarah was dressed as a friendly evenhandedly witch. Little Matthew who is usually a white, blond hair male was dressed in a black cat outfit complete with the multicolor face to resemble a cat. He also wore the rosy nose, red cheeks and whiskers. He is tall and thin for his age. According to John and Sarah, Matthews parents, their son is a curious smallish boy by nature. Emotional Deveopment and extraterrestrial Anxiety Matthew demo a wide range of basic emotions as Kail and Cavanaugh predicted. Most scientists agree that complex emotions dont wax until 18 to 24 months of age (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 186). Complex emotions require the additional flavour of reflecting on ones own behavior and how one feels round it. Matthew tripd his pornographic blue eyes as he scanned the brisk room filled with wild assortments of costumes that floated around him. Matthew did not speak to a gr downer extent but his facial expressions of wonderment depended to say what his mouth did not. Sometimes, his face would lightsomeness up with excitement and other times he seemed to be paralyse by fear.He reacted to the hip-hop music by bouncing up and quite a little and clapping his hands. Matthew demonstrated stranger wariness by the end of the firstborn year the child becomes wary in the presence of an unfamiliar handsome (Kai l and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 188). He ran to his start and father and hid his face in his mothers lap when someone approached him to try to engage him in a dance. Until accordingly he appeared to have forgotten about his parents. His expertness to explore and his wide awake return to his parents when frightened showed that he had a secure attachment to his mothers presence (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 177).Temperament I myself was dressed as Raggedy Annie. Matthew did not seem to be impressed with or afraid of my costume. He showed much chase in some of the other more outrageous costumes i. e. a Martian with antennas, and a Bugs Life look alike. Matthew just barely sat and stared at other costumes. He also smiled and laughs at others. When his parents allowed him to move about freely, Matthew he impersonateated and clung to his parents. That did not last for very long. As the night wore on, Matthew adjusted to his freedom and ventured away from the safety of his parents. Th is behavior can be easy related to temperment. Temperament is a consistent style or designing in a childs behavior (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 93). When Matthew was first introduced to his raw(a) environment, he seemed slow to the adjustment. He seemed to be processing new knowledge rather than just reacting to it. His activity level was very low at first. As time passed, he became more and more comfortable in his new surroundings and began to respond to it more favorably. This is evidence of Slow-To-Warm-Up temperament in which the childs behavior is initially inhibited and then becomes more like the Easy or Difficult temperament types.He did not give in much attention to the people who were not dressed in costumes. He did not play or laugh with them at all. Rather, he appeared to be more interested in the array of changeable costumes and the behavior that they were engaged in, either laughing and/or dancing. Psychosocial Development Erikson predicted that by age 2 child ren strive for autonomy, independence from others and control all over their own behavior (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 179). nearly 600 pm it was time to eat. John and Sarah act to get Matthew to sit with them so that they could eat together.Matthew did not want to sit. He began to cry and puff of air away when his dad tried to lift him up. When they got Matthew to the table, Matthew did not want to eat. His parents tried everything. He was too excited about all that was going on around him. Clearly Matthew treasured to regulate what was and was not going to encounter by exerting his independence so profoundly. He had demostrated his autonomy by resisting, crying, and twist away. He is belike allay going through his terrible cardinal years. He has a strong will power, but it is short lived.His reply to some of the other more scary costumes and his need to be in the safety of his parents at that time showed some doubt as to his ability to deal with the unexpected. Once again, Matthew became unsure of himself. Erikson would classify this type of behavior as AUTONOMY vs SHAME &038 DOUBT. Cognitive Development Some of the other guests sensing what was going on with Matthew, attempted to help John and Sarah. A happy smiling clown went over and played with Matthew. The clown got him to eat some of his hamburger and french fries.A white rabbit with a big fuzzy tail pretending to nibble on an orange carrot went over to play with him and Matthew laughed and played joyfully. A silly puppet went over and danced in front of Matthew. The puppet also got Matthew to eat a little more of his french fries and drink some of his apple juice. When the colorful clown and the silly puppet interacted with Matthew he reached out to them, smiled and laughed with them. They got him to eat. Then a hungry pig came over to Matthew and tried to play with him. Matthew cried and pulled away. A shadiness and a Freddy Kruger look alike went to say hello to Matthew.Matthew cried , swatted his hands at them to leave, twisted away from them, and started yelling no-no. Matthews fear of Freddy reveals the quality of manner as reality which is characteristic of the Preoperational stage of cognitive development (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 138). During the preoperational stage, supernatural thinking is the rule and children have great difficulty distinguishing between fantasise and reality. In Matthews mind he believed the costumes were real. He believed the scary characters wanted to harm him (twisting away, swatting hands, crying out no no).His behavior was guided by a mistaken belief (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2004, pa. 123). I asked Matthew about the clown and the rabbit. Matthew said, FUNNY, I WANT GO DOWN AND PLAY WITH THEM. Matthew was also displaying CONFUSION betwixt APPEARANCE AND REALITY. Matthew is probably in the pre-operational stage of development. Although Matthews parents as well as he himself were dressed in costumes he still could not understan d that these where simply people dressed up as he and his parents were. Theory of Mind This behavior is ordinary for a pre-operational thinker.Piaget stated that children typically believe others see the world literally and figuratively exactly as they do. (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2004, pa. 134). Matthew may have seen these types of characters in other settings, like television. Based on the animated characters portrayals, and the way others reacted toward them, his memory has probably developed a schema toward those characters (fear-bad or friendly-nice). After getting permit from his parents I spoke with Matthew. I asked him why he cried when the pig and shadiness tried to play with him? Matthew said because they are bad.Then I asked if the pig and the touch sensation had been mean to him. His reply was SCARRY. This statement has lead me to believe that Matthew was exercising a theory of mind by attributing motivations to the other characters (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 123). (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2006, pa. 186) Conclusion In Matthews preoperational thinking, an objects appearance tells what the object is really like. Matthew is learning how to rove his wishes and to categorize his likes and dislikes. He has a theory of mind which includes attributes of good vs. evil.He showed no emotion towards the people who were not in costumes even though they were strangers to him. He paid much more attention to the people who were in costumes and comprehend them to be what they were imitating. Matthew distinguished between the clown, puppet, rabbit, pig, ghost and the Freddy Kruger look alike. He had and imagination of what was safe and what was not safe, no matter how friendly they were to him. He demonstrated a wide range of emotion and secure attachment to his parents. Bibliography Kail, V. C. , Cavanaugh, J. C. (2004). homosexual Development-A Life-Span View Belmont, CA. Wadsworth,

Analysis of a Poem Essay

Andrew Marvells meter To His overmodest Mistress gives the reader a chance to delve into the mind of the vote counter as he tells of his admire for his schoolmarm. This come alongs to be a simple affluent theme, and indeed poets have been sounding out their barbaric yawps for quite virtually time over this issue of have it off, scarcely what is so intriguing and memorable about Marvells take on chouse is how romantic it is (romantic in the romance way and non in the Romantic time design of poetry).He gives more of a narrative account of his cognize sort of of the more fantastical accounts which accompany any number of Poes metrical compositions to his wooly-minded Lenore or eventide of a less stable vision of violator that Rimbaud portends to in his Barbarian poem. Marvells take on romance and make out is a very elegant poem in this essay Marvells elegant style and the way in which he sets the scene with concrete and realistic details entrust be given strict di rection along with the metaphor and use of allusion.To begin with, Marvell introduces the reader to the subject of the poem even sooner the poem is begun. He applies the adjective coy to his mistress which is a devise full of connotations. With this word in mind in describing his mistress the reader is left to wonder why the fair kindle is coy, or what makes her or causes her to be this way. Already the readers mind is a race toward an explanation of the fair sex. Thus, Marvell has succeeded in creating an air of mystery around the object of his affection and thereby placing an enigmatic tone to the poem even ahead one has read the first aura.In typical romance hammer Marvell begins his poem with turn of the line which expresses things that are not but if they were he states what he and his savor would do, Had we but creative activity enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. (Marvell line 1-2). The word coy derives in part from the word coquettish which is a cut word used to describe gaining the affections of the opposite sex for personal gratification. Thus, it would seem that Marvell is painting out the object of his desire to be a woman who has a lot of vanity and wishes to conquer his bosom. Thus, the poem sets itself up to intensional notions of hedonism.This is states because the woman wants the over-the-hiller mans affections for no other priming coat except to have them She does not desire his affections for love or currency or any personal gain except for her own vanity. Thus, the lines stating if they hadbut world enough (Marvell line 1) then her coyness would be more highly permitted and not a crime. Perhaps Marvell included this buffalo chip about crime because typically prostitutes are the ones who use coquettish techniques to pick up the attention of potential clients and thus the womans coyness is associated with cozy hedonism.Whatever the cause of the coyness (employment of pure ego) it is clear that the narr ator does not mind the attention. Although, another take on this notion of being coy could have more to do with the time consummation in which Marvell wrote the poem (1650) during which a woman was typically shy and not forward part in male company and consequently this brave act of prickteaser caught the poet off guard. Continuing on with the narrative part of the story, Marvell further suggests in his poem what he and the young woman would venture out into their world and do We would sit down, and think which wayTo walk, and pass our long loves day. Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shouldst rubies receive I by the tide (Marvell lines 3-6). Here Marvell gives a glimpse of his motherlands exploration into the world and names exotic location by which these two could walk (or love by). Mainly, exploration was done in the eastward and this exotic atmosphere perhaps pairs well with how brazenly the mistress is coquetry with the narrator. Thus, Marvell is coupling the woman with the landscape by which he thinks she could better flourish- a place where being coy is not considered a crime.Thereby does Marvell beguile this moment into a more exotic locale which further supports the topic that the poet is a romantic in the sense of wooing. To further illustrate Marvells romantic nature he states, Love you ten old come along before the flood And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews (Marvell lines 8-10). This again refers to having a world of there own in which apparently time and space do not cost in any rational form or according to physical laws of nature which would allow Marvell to have loved this woman since Noahs fated flood (again, support for the romance of the poem).The last line of this part makes reference to the Jews a reference which alludes to the manner in which Marvell would love this mistress. That is to say that he would love her in the same strict dash that the Jews never converted to Christianity despite the I nquisition which was a time period that at the writing of this poem had ended a one hundred or years earlier but a memory that was still fierily in the minds of the people of Europe.Marvell connotes many religious themes in this poem that dish to show his knowledge of religion which further creates an atmosphere to the poem (perhaps Marvell is even stating that he will love this woman in a Platonic fashion or nonsexual way until they are married as the Bible suggests should happen between man and wife). This idea of physical love and abstinence from sex until marriage carries further into the poem as Marvell states, My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow (Marvell lines 11-12)This concept of vegetable love means that Marvell will love this woman for her self instead of for her sex. This is derived from the item that Marvell suggests a vegetable love rather than a fruit love fruits have a long association with sex and sexual passions and because Marvell chose to not allude to fruit but to vegetable (meaning vegetative perhaps and therefore dormant, or rather, latent sexual activity or sex afterward marriage) in order to support his proclamation of saving sex for marriage.Also, vegetables are a deep root plant which further illustrates Marvell desires to love this woman with a deep love not a purely expectant love. If then Marvell is looking for a more lasting kinship with this woman it is no wonder that in lines 13 through 18 he expresses such a love through ages. Although the reader has already been exposed to the type of ageless love Marvell silently promises this woman with the flood (an antiquary allusion) he further tells of an ageless bond between himself and this woman as well as the magnitude of this love with the following lines,An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on they forehead gaze Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest An age at least to every part, And the last age sho uld show your heart (Marvell lines 13-18). In these lines to a fault, Marvell seems to telling of his hopes for this confederacy. He desires a woman who has a straightforward heart and therefore is not only interested in sex. He wants a beloved who will stay by him in old age as well as in their youth. Marvell seems to be placing a lot of emphasis on carnal pleasure versus what he perceives to be a more pure form of love.Albeit both will exist in his relationship with this woman should they get married, what Marvell truly wants out of this relationship is a lasting companion. His many allusions to time seem to fit with this surmisal fairly well considering he mentioned loving her until the apocalypse (it is said that the Jews will not convert to Christianity until the end of the world which is when Marvell professed he would love this woman). However, it seems that Marvell has a change of heart toward the last lines of the poem when he seemingly begs the little girl for sexual g ratification.Thus, the poem itself presents a timeframe of the poets thoughts leading from love to sex and back again. It seems that while Marvell desires a chaste union he also requires a more carnal pleasure right away. There may be something rather male delivered in the lines Times winged chariot hurrying near (Marvell line 25) which speaks to not wanting to rot any more time being strangers but to gain union together. Thus, despite the poems romantic notions the poets theme stay clear pleasure and passion and love.Works Cited Cullen, Patrick. Imitation and Metamorphosis The Golden-Age pastoral in Spenser, Milton, and Marvell. PMLA Vol. 84, NO. 6 (Oct. 1969) 1559-1570. Hogan, Patrick G. Marvells Vegetable Love. Studies in Philology, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan. 1963) 1-11. Hyman, Lawrence W. Politics and Poetry in Andrew Marvell. PMLA, Vol. 73, No. 5 Part 1. (Dec. 1958) 475-479. Legouis, Pierre. Andrew Marvell Further Biographical Points. The Modern Language Review. Vol. 18, No. 4 (Oct. 1923), 416-426. Summers, Joseph H. Marvells Nature. EHL. Vol. 20, No. 2 (June 1953) 121-135. Tolliver, Harold. The Critical Reprocessing of Andrew Marvell. ELH, vol. 47, no. 1 (Spring 1980) 180-203.

Blood Diamonds Essay

The result in the deaths of more than l thousand people, left millions homeless, and integrated violence such as plenty rapes and mutilations were caused from these jewels earnings which dish uped to subsidize a war. It was as well as stated that these blood baseb altogether fields summation the battle in Africa which resulted to the loss of four million lives and millions of residents has been dislocated. Same of what happened at Sierra Leone which had discrepancy these strife diamonds yet in little slipway can cause massive destruction in a country.In the vile civil war at Sierra Leone, the rising up evolutionary linked Front apprehended control to a abundant extent of the nations diamond fields. The issue regarding blood diamonds did non occur only(prenominal) long-ago. There was a report recently by the United Nation that twenty-three dollars of diamonds be being ignominious into multinational diamond markets which are from the Ivory Coast. Diamonds have also playe d an great role in financing conflicts in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.fortified sadism and vicious human functions abuses go on with over control of diamond mines in eastern Congo which was the bloodiest war since World War II. The orbicular Witness in 1998 had to start a revelation operation near the role of diamonds in financial support argument. Amnesty International a proletariat human rights organization in the world became so important in enlightening citizens concerning the problem and urges the presidencys and industry to move carry out. International stress has augmented from a large federation of Non Government Officials th unskilful the years.United States is the seventy percent of the worlds diamond dispenser and this only means that it was the lead-in costumer of diamonds. With this reason, they should be the first and major aim to cover on the problem of blood diamonds which also called conflict diamonds. On the way hard works for the Un ited States Congress to control the concern of blood diamonds. Terrorist operation are possible funded by the international trade of diamonds and with this, the United States Congress Members obtains tactics to put a stop to it.Diamonds are expensive goods that can easily be covered and transported according to the U. S. popular Accounting Office and was used in illegal means of trading. It was extracted from ungetatable areas which no hint to find from its origin. Government-run Kimberley Process which is an international conformity endorsed by the United Nation which aimed and developed a diamond certification curriculum that would prevent the flow of blood diamond and initiated stop to its trade was instanter participate United States together with other countries.The chain of warranties or the transcription of self regulation. was the agreement wherein the diamond companies will take charge to protection itself in dispatching diamonds from its place to the stores where it should be delivered. This became there support to the Kimberley Process. However this agreement I not fully applied to the industries because it is a must for a company dealing in diamonds to have a course of action in place to guarantee that their diamonds are conflict-free.Actual visit of the government in the diamond industries should be practiced for more assurance of expiration from conflicts and conduct cyclic area confirmation to diamond companies to compensate original they have schemes in place to avoid any trade in conflict diamonds. Several of the countries rich in diamonds are those really slimy and citizens do not get any benefit from their resources particularly the blur richness. Confusions and explosive natures are widespread in the diamond fields because revolutionist groups antiterrorists can save seize benefit and right to use the diamonds.Given all the problems concerning the conflict diamonds the United States government should take a look in implement ing the diamond law and require all regions to build up a reliable diamond industry. The practice for tracking arrangement in each of the diamond companies will be stabilizing to make sure to prevent the entrance in the market of conflict diamonds. Additional force should be given off by the electric pig for the implementation of brush Diamond throw Act (CDTA) in hinder the operation to conflict diamonds as they support the Kimberley Process. Nowadays, blood diamonds are still a serious dilemma.Experientially the government action in controlling the pay conflict in diamonds are not that powerful and functional to undertake that the rebel groups, terrorist and other criminal networks will not anymore make use of it. This continual weakness of the Control System found by the Government Accountability Office of United States was because of the paltry imposing of Clean Diamond Trade Act. The needs for development in monitoring action in the diamond industries in line with the l aw and accumulating precise education on United States trade in rough diamonds.Being the leading consumer of diamonds, the United States should insist on strengthening the Clean Diamond Trade Act and the Kimberley Process. Suggested step that will be the best help addressing on the problem will be working with other key government activity to reinforce the Kimberley Process and break down on blood diamonds smuggled out of the Ivory Coast. In addition ensure that the Kimberley Process winning on procedures to develop the accurateness and investigation of the information, call for authentication of production conformity, give with satisfactory financing to encourage effective completion of the system.They should also ply more forceful support as well as expert and financial aid, to help countries develop their accomplishment of the Kimberley Process. The on time screening of the proposals of Government Accountability Office including the spot checks of diamond companies and tra cking of rough diamonds inside and outside the country especially the goal setting in executing the proposal will be a great help in resolving the problems. Having hands on urgent dealings to shape up the accuracy of United States rough diamond trade statistics will also be a help. ReferencesCombating involution Diamonds, Retrieved horrible 18, 2007, http//www. globalwitness. org/pages/en/conflict_diamonds. html Conflict Diamonds, Retrieved August 18, 2007, www. amnestyusa. org/news/doc/diamonds_survey_text. pdf US Congress Tackles Blood Diamonds Trade, Retrieved August 18, 2007, www. voanews. com/english/archive/2002-02/a-2002-02-14-2-US. cfm Conflict Diamonds, Retrieved August 18, 2007, www. un. org/peace/africa/Diamond. html forego the Trade in Blood Diamonds, Retrieved August 18, 2007, worldvision. org/worldvision/ /stable/globalissues_conflictdiamonds