Literature Review on Types of Discipline Essay

2.1.1 Vandalism consort to article What is vandalism, written by Dye1, she defined vandalism as a crime that by and large involves the destruction, disfigurement of public or head-to-head space. A person does not have to destroy a property to be charged with vandalism. This crime can include acts that simply end a piece of property. For example, a person may rip the place of a groom bus. The bus is still operable, but its value and its capacity to be used ar greatly reduced. Kraus (1979) said that vandalism consequences are often simply causing trouble and anger.One aspect of school vandalism is often reported in explore studies from the United States as the research from Rubel (1977) states that the connection of vandalism with other types of school crimes such as petty theft in the school and personal violence against stave and students. According to Cohen (1973) the public sees this type of behavior as threatening. Even though vandalism is directed at public property, th e public still feared cosmos victims of uncontrolled juveniles that roaming the street.2.1.2 AbsenteeismThen, Heathfield2 defined bump offeeism as the chronic absent from work or study. Absenteeism usually addressed through leaveively stricter disciplinary measures that can termination in the termination of the individuals employment. This is generally governed by the cornerstone helpance policy. Rayner & Riding (1996) cited Schostak (1980) in the United Kingdom that lay out at least 800,000 students absent from school for unexcused reasons. Webb (1993) suggest that near half a million students were absent each sidereal day. Students who have absenteeism problems generally suffer academically and socially. According to Baker and Jansen (2000), studies indicate that students who are absent have lower achievement and may be penalized on leaven scores. Sustained absences may lead to retention and truancy._____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1 http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vandalism.htm2 http//humanresources.about.com/od/ attentionpolicy/g/absenteeism.htm2.1.3 TruancyWisconsin (2000) defined simple truancy as any absence of part or all of a school day for which a pupils parent or guardian has not provided a valid excuse. According to Cavallari3, he states that many institutions end-to-end the world have difficulty enforcing mandatory attending for a soma of reasons. Some students find it much worthwhile to enter the world of travel and earn money for their families, while others struggle with coursework and choose simply not to attend class while others have difficulty getting to school because they live in rural areas.The reasons why students do not attend school are complex and seemingly endless, making mandatory attendance difficult to enforce. Some schools base part of a students grade on attendance, while others make an attendance percentage a requirement for graduation. A student must attend classes a veritable percentage of the school year in order to advance to the following grade as the student can be held back in the same grade if he or she fails to meet compulsory attendance requirements, which some critics claim can discourage students from attending school at all. However, some advocates claim it encourages students to attend class because it means they can progress to the next grade level with their peers.2.1.4 SmokingHenderson4 and her colleagues found that in their research about smoking habits and wider social environment in school, on average, 25% of males and 39% of females aged 15-16, reported that they either regularly or once in a while smoked. The age group of 14 to 18 years is most belike to attract towards the smoking habit and become an addict for the rest of his or her brio as this age represents the growth of maturity where teens make choices for their life style and plan where they want to see themselves in the future.The teens are more conscious about their constitution, styles and making up their role model as their inspiration in life. On the other hand, this is the age where factors like stress, attention disorder, psychological pressures and conflicts from parents play an important role in impacting the individual personality and most of the teens are seen fighting with these kind of problems due to lack of parental interest, or sometime over protectiveness of parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.wisegeek.com/how-can-schools-enforce-mandatory-attendance.htm 4 http//www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/848-855.pdf