Essay --

The Umayyad dwelling was one of the foremost familys of the Quraysh tribe. Uthman was the the third blameless Caliph, was the first Umayyad caliph. Throughout his tenure (644-655), he appointed and provided advantages to the members of his clan for various key positions in specific, Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan was granted the governorship of Syria. Upon the accession of Ali to the caliphate, Muawiya denied paying him perks, and in 658 the Syrians recognized Muawiya as caliph. That year he retained control of Egypt adjacent Alis death in 661, he restrained Iraq and then formally ceremonious himself as caliph. The first line of Umayyads were the Sufyanids (descendants of Abu Sufyan) who directed from 661- 684. Under Muawiya (661-680) the capital of the Moslem domain was moved to Damascus. He is credited with raising a highly-trained gird detachment of Syrian fighters which was utilised to elaborate Muslim administration einsteinium into Khorasan and west into North Africa. Muawiya fur thermore commanded excursions into Anatolia starting in 672 which culminated in a failed three-year control of Constantinople (674-677). He kept the administrative organisations left by the Byzantines and Persians save consolidated his administration by appointing kinsmen to key mails. Before his death, Muawiya protected fealty to his son, Yazid, therefore introducing dynastic succession to Muslim direct. Muawiya was the child of Abu Sufyan, the foremost of the Abd Shams clan. almost of the constituents of Abd Shams had turned down Muhammads prophetic objective until Muhammads conquest of Mecca in 630. Muawiya and his dadaism are advised to be among those enemies who were reconciled to Islam through gifts. Muawiya then back up as one of Muhammads scribes. Thro... ...ng Greek and Pahlavi.For all that, the Umayyads, during the ninety years of their leadership, rarely agitated off their empires status as a mulk - that is, a lay kingdom - and in the last years of the dynasty the ir adversaries formed a mystery organization dedicated to pushing the claims to the caliphate put ahead by a descendant of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet. By clever groundwork, this organization rallied to its origin numerous reciprocally hostile assemblies in Khorasan and Iraq and declared Abu al-Abbas caliph. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the last Umayyad caliph, was beaten and the Syrians, still bank to the Umayyads, were put to rout. Only one man of importance got away the tragedy - Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiyah al-Dakhil, a juvenile prince who with a trusted servant escaped to Spain and in 756 set up an Umayyad Dynasty there.